Module
СсылкаDate validates calendar components, exchanges exact YYYY-MM-DD text, and adds signed whole days without time zones or a host clock.
Why
СсылкаA shared calendar and fixed text form give date construction, observation, and arithmetic the same meaning on every host.
Availability
СсылкаImport std.date in language mode 5.21. The current compiler selects std/date.tpz for this language mode. Availability in other released editions and inclusion in each installed distribution are Pending.
Exported types
Ссылкаexport type Date = Date
Type members keep the compiler-owned type name shown in their declarations. Importing a module does not create a new type identity.
Public API
СсылкаPending contracts
СсылкаConstruct valid Gregorian civil dates
СсылкаConstruct valid Gregorian civil dates
Date is an immutable proleptic Gregorian calendar date from 0001-01-01 through 9999-12-31. It contains no time of day, time zone, or locale. The same calendar rules apply before and after 1582.
Date.fromYmd accepts years from 1 through 9999 and months from 1 through 12. The day must be a real day of the selected month and year. All range endpoints are included.
A year divisible by 4 is a leap year except a century year that is not divisible by 400. February has 29 days in a leap year and 28 otherwise. April, June, September, and November have 30 days. The other months have 31.
Valid components return Ok containing that date. Year zero, a year outside the supported range, an invalid month, and an invalid day return Err containing a descriptive nonempty string. Components are not normalized into another date.
The error string describes the failed construction and has no stable machine readable format. Callers branch on Ok or Err.
Date.year, Date.month, and Date.day are calls with no arguments. They return the validated components of the receiver. A valid Date makes these observations total and leaves the receiver unchanged.
Arguments are evaluated once in source order before validation. An earlier fault prevents later evaluation. Constructors and observations do not read a host clock or perform external effects.
Причина
Validating civil dates at construction gives every date observation a definite value. A shared Gregorian calendar and year range make dates independent of locale, time zones, and historical calendar cutovers.
Read leap day and both supported endpoints
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iolet leap = test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(2000, 2, 29))io.writeLine("{leap.year()} {leap.month()} {leap.day()}")io.writeLine(leap.toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1, 1, 1)).toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(9999, 12, 31)).toIso())
2000 2 29
2000-02-29
0001-01-01
9999-12-31
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2000 2 292000-02-290001-01-019999-12-31
Reject invalid years, months, and days without normalization
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.iofunction reject(year: int, month: int, day: int) -> () {match (Date.fromYmd(year, month, day)) {case Err(_) => io.writeLine("rejected")case Ok(_) => io.writeLine("accepted")}}reject(1900, 2, 29)reject(2023, 2, 29)reject(2024, 0, 1)reject(2024, 13, 1)reject(2024, 4, 31)reject(2024, 1, 0)reject(2024, 1, 32)reject(-1, 1, 1)reject(10000, 1, 1)reject(9223372036854775807, 1, 1)
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
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rejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejected
Reject year zero during component construction
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.iomatch (Date.fromYmd(0, 1, 1)) {case Err(_) => io.writeLine("year zero rejected")case Ok(_) => io.writeLine("accepted")}
year zero rejected
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year zero rejected
Evaluate all components before date validation
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.iofunction observed(label: string, value: int) -> int {io.writeLine(label)return value}match (Date.fromYmd(observed("year", 2024), observed("month", 13), observed("day", 1))) {case Err(_) => io.writeLine("rejected")case Ok(_) => io.writeLine("accepted")}
year
month
day
rejected
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yearmonthdayrejected
Exchange dates in one fixed ISO form
СсылкаExchange dates in one fixed ISO form
Date.parseIso accepts exactly ten ASCII characters in the form YYYY-MM-DD. The year has four digits and the month and day each have two digits. Hyphens occur after the year and month.
The components must form a valid Gregorian date in the same range as Date.fromYmd. Valid text returns Ok containing that date. Invalid grammar or an invalid calendar date returns Err containing a descriptive nonempty string.
Parsing does not trim whitespace or normalize another spelling. Signs, omitted zero padding, alternate separators, non ASCII digits, timestamps, time zones, and extra characters are rejected.
Date.toIso returns exactly the same ten character form using ASCII digits and zero padding. It has no locale or time zone parameter and leaves the receiver unchanged.
Parsing the formatted text recovers the original date. Formatting accepted input returns that same text. Date.fromYmd and Date.parseIso establish the same component and range invariants.
The receiver or argument is evaluated once before the operation. These operations do not change the input or perform external effects. Error strings have no stable machine readable format.
Причина
One fixed calendar format makes date text predictable to store, compare lexically, and exchange. Sharing validation with component construction prevents two constructors from assigning different meanings to the same date.
Parse canonical date text and preserve its components
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iofor text in (["0001-01-01", "1582-10-10", "2000-02-29", "9999-12-31"]) {let date = test.assertOk(Date.parseIso(text))io.writeLine(date.toIso())}let leap = test.assertOk(Date.parseIso("2000-02-29"))io.writeLine("{leap.year()} {leap.month()} {leap.day()}")
0001-01-01
1582-10-10
2000-02-29
9999-12-31
2000 2 29
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0001-01-011582-10-102000-02-299999-12-312000 2 29
Reject alternate spellings and invalid calendar dates
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.iofor text in (["", "2024-2-09", "2024-02-9", "2024/02/09", " 2024-02-09", "2024-02-09 ", "2024-02-09T00:00:00Z", "+2024-02-09", "2024-02-09", "2024-02-30", "1900-02-29", "10000-01-01"]) {match (Date.parseIso(text)) {case Err(_) => io.writeLine("rejected")case Ok(_) => io.writeLine("accepted")}}
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
rejected
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rejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejectedrejected
Reject year zero in ISO text
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.iomatch (Date.parseIso("0000-01-01")) {case Err(_) => io.writeLine("year zero rejected")case Ok(_) => io.writeLine("accepted")}
year zero rejected
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year zero rejected
Add whole calendar days within the civil date range
СсылкаAdd whole calendar days within the civil date range
Date.addDays accepts a signed int count of whole calendar days. Positive values move forward, negative values move backward, and zero returns the same date value.
The result follows the same proleptic Gregorian calendar as Date.fromYmd. Month boundaries, leap days, and year boundaries are crossed by counting calendar days. Historical calendar cutovers and daylight saving changes do not alter the result.
The result must remain from 0001-01-01 through 9999-12-31. A count whose mathematical result is outside that range raises TPZ4004 during execution. An intermediate integer overflow also raises TPZ4004.
An invalid result does not wrap, saturate, return a partial date, or change the receiver. Evaluation stops at the fault before later statements run.
The receiver is evaluated before the day count and each is evaluated once. An earlier fault prevents later evaluation. The operation has no external effects.
Adding a count and then its negative recovers the starting date when both results lie in range. Date.toIso and the component accessors observe the resulting date without changing it.
Причина
Calendar arithmetic should depend on a date and a day count. A bounded result with an explicit overflow fault prevents wraparound from silently producing a different civil date.
Cross leap days, years, and the full supported interval
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iolet leap = test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(2000, 2, 28))io.writeLine(leap.addDays(1).toIso())io.writeLine(leap.addDays(2).toIso())io.writeLine(leap.toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1900, 2, 28)).addDays(1).toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1582, 10, 4)).addDays(1).toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(2000, 1, 1)).addDays(-1).toIso())io.writeLine(leap.addDays(0).toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1, 1, 1)).addDays(3652058).toIso())io.writeLine(test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(9999, 12, 31)).addDays(-3652058).toIso())
2000-02-29
2000-03-01
2000-02-28
1900-03-01
1582-10-05
1999-12-31
2000-02-28
9999-12-31
0001-01-01
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2000-02-292000-03-012000-02-281900-03-011582-10-051999-12-312000-02-289999-12-310001-01-01
Reject the day after the final supported date
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iolet date = test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(9999, 12, 31))date.addDays(1)io.writeLine("after")
Нет стандартного вывода.Ожидаемый результат
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Этап отклонения run. Ненулевой код завершения.
stdlib-date-range-overflow at
main.tpz:6:1
Reject the day before the first supported date
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iolet date = test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1, 1, 1))date.addDays(-1)io.writeLine("after")
Нет стандартного вывода.Ожидаемый результат
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Этап отклонения run. Ненулевой код завершения.
stdlib-date-range-overflow at
main.tpz:6:1
Reject a day count that overflows signed arithmetic
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iolet date = test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(1, 1, 1))date.addDays(-9223372036854775808)io.writeLine("after")
Нет стандартного вывода.Ожидаемый результат
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Этап отклонения run. Ненулевой код завершения.
stdlib-date-range-overflow at
main.tpz:6:1
Evaluate a date receiver before its day count
Ссылкаimport std.date { Date }import std.testimport std.iofunction receiver() -> Date {io.writeLine("date")return test.assertOk(Date.fromYmd(2024, 2, 28))}function days() -> int {io.writeLine("days")return 1}let next = receiver().addDays(days())io.writeLine(next.toIso())
date
days
2024-02-29
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Выполнение завершается. Код завершения 0.
datedays2024-02-29